Lactulose (Duphalac) : drug card
Drug name
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# Lactulose.
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Brand name
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# Duphalac.
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Class of drug
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# Osmotic Laxative.
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Indications
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# As a laxative to treat constipation.
# Hepatic
encephalopathy.
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Mechanism of action
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# It's a semisynthetic
disaccharide (Fructose + galactose). act as Osmotic laxative. It's not
absorbed and draws water into the intestines
and promotes water and electrolyte retention. It is metabolized
to acids which result in acidification
of colonic contents, decreased ammonia production and absorption.
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route / Dosage form
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# Route : Oral.
# Dosage form : Solution 10 g
lactulose/15 ml (667mg/ml)
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Dose
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# Usual Adult Dose for Constipation – Chronic
/Acute 15 mL orally once a day. # Usual Pediatric Dose for Constipation -- Chronic: Child greater than 1 year: 7.5 mL orally once a day after breakfast. # Usual Adult Dose for Hepatic Encephalopathy: *Initial dose: 30 mL orally 3 times a day or 300 ml in 700 mL water or normal saline as an enema retained for 30 to 60 minutes every 4 to 6 hours. *Maintenance dose: 30 to 45 mL orally 3 times a day. # Usual Pediatric Dose for Hepatic Encephalopathy: *Infant: 2.5 to 10 mL orally per day divided in 3 to 4 doses. *Child greater than 1 year: 40 to 90 mL orally per day divided in 3 to 4 doses. |
Pregnancy / Lactation
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# Pregnancy: Category B.
# Lactation: No data available. Best to avoid.
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Adverse reactions
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# Common: Diarrhea, gas, nausea, stomach
pain or cramps and vomiting.
# Serious: Excessive diarrhea and fecal water loss
can result in hypernatremia.
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Important interactions
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# Interact with: Antacids
– Neomycin (aminoglycosides antibiotics).
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Contraindications / precautions
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# Contraindicated
with patients require
galactose-free diet.
# Use
with caution in diabetics because the drug
contains small amounts of free lactose and galactose. Rectal bleeding or
failure to respond to therapy might indicate a serious condition and the need
for medical attention. |
Other notes
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# Lactulose
decreases the serum ammonia level and is useful
in liver diseases such as cirrhosis.
# It's
metabolized in the colon by bacterial flora to short chain fatty acids,
acidifying the colonic contents. This favors the formation of the
nonabsorbable NH4 + from NH3, trapping NH3 in the colon and effectively
reducing plasma NH3 concentrations.
# In the treatment of hepatic
encephalopathy, 2–3 loose stools per day are common, but report any worsening of diarrhea. Report
belching, flatulence, or abdominal cramps if they are bothersome.
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Practical notes
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# If you are taking the solution, to improve the taste, you may
mix it into fruit juice, water, milk, or a soft dessert.
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Trade names
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# Egypt :- Duphalac, Lactulose, Sedalac,
Laxolac, Lactulax.
# KSA :- Duphalac, Laxolac, Ramilac, Rialac,
Sedalac, Soflax, Defolax, Ezilax, Kulax, Lactulose.
# USA :- Cephulac, Chronulac, Constilac, Constulose, Duphalac,
Evalose.
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- Prepared by: Dr. Shimaa Sherif. (pharmacist).
- Resources: - drug.com. - Clinician's
handbook of prescription drugs . - Physicians' Drug manual 2005 Edition . - Master of Egyptian drugs. - Master of Saudi drugs.
- Copyrights: All rights are reserved for pharmacist development group 2009 - 2011.
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Posted by Unknown
on 2/14/2011.
Filed under
