Drug name
|
# Allopurinol.
|
Brand name
|
# Zyloric, Zyloprim,
Aloprim.
|
Class of drug
|
# Treatment for gout,
prophylaxsis for chemotherapy induced hyperuricemia.
|
Indications
|
# PO for maintenance of moderately severe tophaceous
Gout.
# PO for control of gout.
# PO or IV for secondary hyperuricemia
associated with vigorous treatment of
malignancies.
|
Mechanism of action
|
# Inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that converts
hypoxanthine to xanthine. Xanthine is a precursor for uric
acid production; thus uric acid production is decreased.
|
route / Dosage form
|
# Route : Oral and parintinal.
#
Dosage
form : Tab 100,
300 mg; Inj 500 mg..
|
Dose
|
# Mild gout: 200–300 mg/d.
# Moderate or severe gout: 400–600 mg/d.
# Prophylaxis against acute attack: 100 mg/d. Maximum:
800 mg/d.
# Prevention of hyperuricemia during cancer chemotherapy:
* Adults, children
>10 years: 600–800 mg/d, 2–3 divided doses, 1–2 days before chemotherapy
for 2–3 days. IV
200–400 mg/m2/d.
* Children <10 years: 200–300 mg/m2/d, 2–4
divided doses.
IV 200–300 mg/m2/d.
|
Pregnancy / Lactation
|
#
Pregnancy:
Category
C.
# Lactation: Appears in breast
milk. Considered compatible by American
Academy of Pediatrics.
|
Adverse reactions
|
# Common: skin rash (generally maculopapular).
# Serious: agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, hepatic injury, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, vasculitis, toxic
epidermal necrolysis, neuritis, cataracts, renal toxicity.
|
Important interactions
|
# Drugs that increase effects/toxicity of allopurinol: thiazide
diurectics, ACE inhibitors, vitamin C.
# Allopurinol increases effects/toxicity of the
following: ampicillin, amoxicillin, oral anticoagulants, 6-mercaptopurine,
cyclophosphamide,
theophylline,
chlorpropamide, alcohol.
|
Contraindications / precautions
|
# Children (except for
hyperuricemia secondary to malignancy).
# Do not restart the drug in patients who have developed severe reactions.
|
Other notes
|
# Food: Take with meals or immediately
after eating. Have patient drink large amounts
of fluids.
# reduced dosage in renal impairment.
|
Practical notes
|
# Limit foods with high purine content (liver or other
organ meats, salmon, and sardines).
# Do not take large amounts of vitamin C.
# Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants such as opiate
analgesics and sedatives (eg, diazepam [Valium]) when taking this drug.
# Do not take iron salts while on allopurinol.
# Limit exposure to UV light as this may increase the risk
of cataracts.
# This drug may be taken with food, milk, or an antacid to minimize
stomach upset. Adults should drink at least 10–12 full glasses (each containing
8 fluid ounces) of fluid each day.
# Report any skin rash, painful urination, blood in urine, eye irritation,
swelling of lips or mouth, itching, chills, fever, sore throat, nausea, or
vomiting while taking this drug.
# Allopurinol can cause drowsiness; use caution while driving or
performing other tasks requiring alertness, coordination, or physical
dexterity.
# Because the incidence of acute attacks of gout may increase during the
first few months of treatment with allopurinol; Colchicine, a uricosuric
agent, or an NSAID should be added to the regimen as a prophylactic measure.
|
Generic names
|
# Egypt : Zyloric, No-uric, Lessuric, Uric- pure, crystasol, High pure .
# KSA :- Zyloric, Apurol,Loric,No-uric,Purinol,Uroquad.
|
